Types of drilling tools

Hoisting

In order to lift and lower drilling tools, lower casing, control drilling pressure, and feed drilling tools, the drilling tools are equipped with a lifting system.

The lifting system includes winches, auxiliary brakes, overhead cranes, traveling blocks, large hooks, wire ropes, as well as various tools such as lifting rings, hoists, clamps, and slips.

When lifting, the winch drum wraps around the steel wire rope, and the overhead crane and traveling block form a secondary pulley system. The large hook rises through tools such as lifting rings and clamps to lift the drilling tool. When lowering, the drilling tool or casing string descends by its own weight, and the lowering speed of the hook is controlled by the brake mechanism and auxiliary brake of the winch. During normal drilling, the feeding speed of the drilling tool is controlled by the brake mechanism, and a portion of the weight of the drilling tool is applied as drilling pressure to the drill bit to achieve rock fragmentation.

Rotating system

The rotary system is a typical system of a rotary drilling rig, which drives the drilling tools to rotate and break rock layers. The rotary system includes a rotary table, a water tap, and drilling tools.

The composition of drilling tools varies depending on the type of well being drilled, generally including square drill rods, drill rods, drill collars, and drill bits. In addition, there are stabilizers, shock absorbers, and mating joints.

Among them, drill bits are tools for directly breaking rocks, including scraper drill bits, roller drill bits, diamond drill bits, and other types. The weight and wall thickness of the drill collar are both large, used to apply drilling pressure to the drill bit. The drill rod connects the surface equipment with the downhole equipment and transmits torque. The cross-section of a square drill rod is generally square, and the rotary table drives the entire drill string and drill bit to rotate through the square drill rod. The swivel is a typical component of a rotary drilling rig, which not only bears the weight of the drilling tool, but also achieves rotational motion and provides a channel for high-pressure mud.

circulatory system

In order to timely carry the broken rock fragments from the bottom of the well to the ground for further drilling, and to cool the drill bit and protect the wellbore, prevent drilling accidents such as well collapse and leakage, the rotary drilling rig is equipped with a circulation system.

The circulation system includes drilling pumps, surface manifolds, mud tanks, mud purification equipment, etc. The surface manifolds include high-pressure manifolds, risers, and water hoses, while the mud purification equipment includes vibrating screens, sand removers, mud removers, centrifuges, etc.

The drilling pump sucks in the mud from the mud tank, and the mud pressurized by the drilling pump passes through the high-pressure manifold, riser, and water hose, enters the faucet, goes down to the bottom of the well through the hollow drilling tool, sprays out from the water hole of the drill bit, and carries the rock debris back to the surface through the annular space between the wellbore and the drilling tool. The mud returned from the bottom of the well is purified by various levels of mud purification equipment to remove solid content, and then reused.

power equipment

The lifting system, circulation system, and rotation system are the three main working units of the drilling rig, used to provide power. They work together to complete the drilling operation. In order to provide power to these working units, the drilling rig needs to be equipped with power equipment.

The power equipment of the drilling rig includes diesel engine, AC motor, and DC motor.

Diesel engines are suitable for drilling wells in remote areas without power grids. AC motors rely on industrial power grids or require diesel engines to generate AC electricity. DC motors require diesel engines to drive DC generators to generate DC electricity. More commonly, diesel engines drive AC generators to generate AC electricity, which is then rectified by thyristors to convert it into DC electricity.

Grace Ma

Email: oiltools14@welongpost.com